On July 19, 1553, Lady Jane Grey, 15, was deposed after nine days as queen of England, and King Henry VIII’s daughter Mary was proclaimed queen.
In 1834, impressionist painter Edgar Degas was born in Paris.
In 1865 Charles Mayo, the surgeon who co-founded the Mayo Clinic, was born in Rochester, Minn.
In 1870 the Franco-Prussian war began.
In 1898 Marxist philosopher Herbert Marcuse was born in Berlin.
In 1943 Allied planes staged their first raid on Rome in World War II.
In 1969 Apollo 11 and its astronauts–Neil Armstrong, Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin and Michael Collins–went into orbit around the moon.
In 1979 Managua, the capital of Nicaragua, fell to Sandinista rebels, two days after President Anastasio Somoza fled.
In 1980 the Summer Olympics began in Moscow, minus dozens of nations that boycotted the games because of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
In 1984 Rep. Geraldine Ferraro (D-N.Y.) was voted Walter Mondale’s running mate at the Democratic National Convention in San Francisco.
In 1985 Christa McAuliffe of New Hampshire was chosen by NASA to be its first schoolteacher in a space shuttle crew.
In 1989, 112 people were killed when a United Air Lines DC-10 crashed amid an emergency landing at Sioux City, Iowa; 184 passengers and crew survived.
In 1990 Pete Rose, professional baseball’s all-time hits leader, was sentenced to 5 months in prison for tax evasion.
In 1993 President Bill Clinton announced a compromise enabling homosexuals to serve in the military–if they refrained from all homosexual activity.
In 2001 circus animal trainer Gunther Gebel-Williams died in Venice, Fla.; he was 66.
In 2002 ConAgra Beef Co. of Colorado asked Americans to destroy 19 million pounds of hamburger meat because of E. coli concerns. Also, musicologist Alan Lomax, 87, died in Safety Harbor, Fla.
