On Nov. 19, 1831, James Garfield, the nation’s 20th president, was born in Cuyahoga County, Ohio.
In 1863 President Abraham Lincoln delivered his Gettysburg Address as he dedicated a national cemetery at the Pennsylvania Civil War battlefield.
In 1874 the Women’s Christian Temperance Union was organized in Cleveland.
In 1919 the Senate rejected the World War I Treaty of Versailles 55-39, just short of the two-thirds majority needed for ratification.
In 1942 Soviet forces launched their winter offensive against the Germans along the Don front in World War II.
In 1954 the first automatic toll collector went into service on a New Jersey tollway.
In 1959 Ford Motor Co. said it would halt production of the unpopular Edsel model.
In 1965 a federal jury in Washington fined the American Communist Party $230,000 for failing to register with the government as a Soviet agent.
In 1969 the second manned lunar landing was made by astronauts Alan Bean and Charles Conrad Jr. of the Apollo 12 team, which included Richard Gordon.
In 1984 nearly 500 people died in a firestorm set off by explosions at a petroleum storage plant on the edge of Mexico City.
In 1989 funeral services were held in El Salvador for six Jesuit priests slain by uniformed gunmen. The nation’s archbishop said the killings “place our country in the first place of barbarity in the world.”
