* Increasing evidence that al Qaeda has joined Syrian rebels
* US worried that rebels will get shoulder-fired missiles
* Missiles could be used against civilian airliners
By Mark Hosenball
WASHINGTON, June 22 (Reuters) – As evidence mounts of
Islamic militant forces among the Syrian opposition, senior U.S.
and European officials are increasingly alarmed by the prospect
of sophisticated weapons falling into the hands of rebel groups
that may be dangerous to Western interests, including al Qaeda.
In an interview with Reuters, U.S. Defense Secretary Leon
Panetta articulated U.S. worries that shoulder-fired
anti-aircraft missiles, also known as MANPADS, could find their
way onto the Syrian battlefield.
Intelligence experts believe that hundreds, if not
thousands, of such weapons were looted from arsenals accumulated
by late Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, and are floating on the
Middle East black market.
“I think it’s fair to say that we have a concern about the
MANPADS coming out of Libya,” Panetta said in the Thursday
interview. “We’ve had an ongoing view that it was important to
try to determine where these MANPADS were going, not only the
concern that some of them might wind up in Syria but elsewhere
as well,” he said.
Panetta added that he had seen no direct intelligence yet
that such missiles had made their way to Syria. He did not
specifically cite the rebels as potential recipients.
But other U.S. and allied officials voiced that concern,
while saying they had no evidence that Syrian rebels had yet
acquired MANPADS.
SIGNS OF AL QAEDA JOINING REBELS
The urgency of Western concerns stems as much from the
recipients of the weapons as the weapons themselves. High-level
sources at multiple national intelligence services report
increasing evidence that Islamic militants, including al Qaeda
and its affiliates and other hard-line Sunni groups, had joined
forces with opponents of the government of President Bashar
al-Assad.
Bruce Riedel, a former CIA officer who has advised President
Barack Obama on counter-terrorism policy, said that al Qaeda and
other militants were “deeply engaged” with anti-Assad forces. He
cited public pronouncements by senior al Qaeda figures,
including the group’s leader, Ayman al Zawahiri, that urged
Sunni rebels in Syria to kill members of Assad’s Alawite Muslim
minority.
A western government source said that Al-Nusrah, a “spinoff”
from al Qaeda’s Iraq-based affiliate, was responsible for at
least some atrocities that have occurred in Syria. The source
said the group publicly confirmed its role in killings.
Worries that sophisticated weapons could make their way to
the wrong kind of Syrian rebels are one reason Washington
remains wary of deeper U.S. involvement in the fighting.
“It stands to reason that if any Middle Eastern nation is
even considering giving arms to the Syrian opposition, it would
take a measured approach and think twice about providing arms
that could have unintended consequences,” a U.S. official said.
Nonetheless, U.S. and allied officials say their Saudi and
Qatari counterparts have discussed how MANPADS could be used by
Assad opponents to bring down Russian-made helicopters the
Syrian army is using to redeploy its troops rapidly between
trouble spots.
But such missiles also could be used against other targets,
including civilian airliners, one reason for the U.S. and allied
concern.
After the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, the CIA, with
Saudi backing, provided sophisticated shoulder-fired Stinger
missiles to Islamic militants seeking to oust Soviet troops.
The missiles played a significant role in the Soviets’
ultimate defeat in Afghanistan. But they also became a major
headache for U.S. and western counter-terrorism agencies when
anti-Soviet militants morphed into anti-Western militant
factions including al Qaeda.
SAUDI ARABIA, QATAR ARMING REBELS
U.S. and allied officials acknowledge Syrian rebels have
been receiving arms supplies from Saudi Arabia and the Gulf
emirate of Qatar. But they said that the sophistication of the
weapons being delivered had until recently been low.
An allied government source said it was clear wealthy
individuals in Qatar and Saudi Arabia also were helping to
finance anti-Assad groups.
The Saudis are on record calling for Assad’s ouster. Earlier
this year, Prince Saud al-Faisal, the Saudi foreign minister,
told an international conference that Assad’s “regime has lost
its legitimacy and resembles an occupation authority…There is
no way out of the crisis except through a transition of power,
peacefully or forcibly.”
In January, Qatar went even further when its ruler, Sheikh
Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani, told the CBS TV program 60 Minutes
that Arab troops should be sent in to “stop the killing” by
Assad’s forces.
A U.S. official who recently discussed the issue with Saudi
and Qatari representatives said the weaponry now being shipped
to Syrian rebels consists largely of small arms that would
enable regime opponents to “protect their children.” Deliveries
to the rebels of MANPADS would represent a serious escalation.
US PROVIDING NON-LETHAL SUPPORT
Some prominent U.S. Republicans are urging a big step-up in
U.S. aid for Assad’s opponents, including arms deliveries and
even possible U.S. military involvement.
At a conference on Thursday hosted by the website Bloomberg
Government, U.S. Senator John McCain suggested that the Obama
administration’s cautious policy regarding the Syrian rebels was
“shameful” and urged a major escalation in U.S. involvement.
“So what do we do? First of all, we stand up for them.
Second of all, we get them weapons. Third of all, we establish a
sanctuary with our allies – no boots on the ground, no boots on
the ground – and use our and our allied air power to protect
that zone and we help these people in a fair fight,” McCain
said.
At the same conference, however, Representative Mike Rogers,
the Republican chairman of the House Intelligence Committee,
warned: “We are just really not in a good position today to
fully identify all of the groups, all of the factions, who’s
winning that leadership fight,” he said.
On Thursday, the New York Times reported that a small number
of CIA officers had been deployed to southern Turkey, where they
were helping U.S. allies decide which Syrian opposition elements
should receive weapons deliveries.
The United States is understood to be supplying non-lethal
support to Assad’s opponents, such as financing and
communications gear, possibly including monitoring equipment.
The Times said that the Obama administration has held back on
providing rebels with intelligence information, such as
satellite photographs, on the activities of Assad’s forces.
Riedel warned that Qatar authorities might not be too choosy
about which Syrian rebels they are willing to supply with arms,
though they would try to avoid giving them directly to al Qaeda.
“I don’t think that Qatar and the Saudis are as concerned as
we are about surface-to-air missiles,” Riedel added.
(Additional reporting by Phil Stewart, Tabassum Zakaria and
David Alexander. Editing by Warren Strobel and Lisa Shumaker)
